Paramecium caudatum

COMMENTS :

1. Paramecium is an unicellular microscopic organism found in fresh water ponds, ditches and rich in dead and decayed vegetation.

2. It is commonly called as Slipper animalcule.

3. Body is definite slipper shaped covered by thick layer of pellicle.

4. Locomotary organs are minute hair like cilia arranged uniformly and exhibits lashing movement.

5. A large meganucleus and a small micronucleus are present in the endoolasm.

6. Two contractile vacuoles with radiating canals are present in the cytoplasm for osmoregulation.

7. Food vacuoles move in a definite path inside the cytoplasm i.e. cyclosis and reserve food materials are in the form of glycogen and fat.

8. Reproduces asexually by trnsverse binary fission and sexually by conjugation, autogamy and endomixis etc.

COMMENTS :

1, Conjugation is the temporary union of two individiuals which mutually exchange their micronuclear materials.

2. It is a unique type of sexual process in which two organisms separate soon after exchange of micronuclear materials.

3. It is significant because it occurs after repeated binary fission and is essential for rejuvenation, nuclear reorganisation and hereditory variations.

4. As a result of conjugation four daughter paramecia are formed from each exconjugant.

5. Paramecia will neither conjugate with the members of their own mating type nor with the other varieties but only with the second mating type of their own variety.

COMMENTS :

1. It is asexual mode of reproduction which takes place during unfavourable conditions of food and temperature.

2. The micro and macronuclei elongate, constrict and divide by mitosis and amitosis respectively.

3. A median transverse constriction appears which deepens and divides the body transversely into two equal halves.

4. Each half receives a daughter micro and macronucleus and a contractile vacuole.

5. Cytopharynx also divides into two.

7. Two daughter individuals are formed as a result of binary fission.

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