x ray tube physics

Characteristic X-jrays are produced by the atoms of the target element when the electrons in their in nermost shell are removed and the re maining electrons in the atoms'rearrange themselves. The wavelengths of these x-rays depend upoi the target material The intensity wa..

. The K a line emitted has a wavelength of 0.689 A, Kp has a wavelength of 0.626 A and K y has 0.620 A. These radiations are hard X-rays. The various radiations giving rise to L series are called soft X-rays. If the bombarding electrons have less energy there will not be any lin..

X-rays were discovered by Rontgen in 1895. In the electromagnetic spectrum, the waves of wavelength between 0.001 to 1 nm fall in this class. Coolidge designed a special kind of tube to have emission of X-rays in 1913. One such tube is shown in figure 13..

Rontgen in 1896 generated cathode rays by passing electricity into discharge tube filled with some gases. When these rays struck on the walls of discharge tube, reflected to give rise to some new type of rays of light. These rays were al..

. Walter Bragg started svich studies in 1913. Bragg obtained the spectrum of X-ray by making electrons collide with solid substances.: The trumpet of revolution in physics were being played from many directions...

1. Find the minimum and maximum deflection angle for a light ray passing through a glass prism with refracting angle A = 60. [I.E. IRODOV] Solution. For minimum deviation, sin ^ = n sin y , D = 2 sin -1 n sin y - A. Given n = 1.5 and A = ..

CRO is an electronic device used by physicists, engineers, medical men and also in research laboratories. CRO converts an electrical signal into a visual one. Principle The properties of the cathode rays that they are deflected in electric and magnetic field and tha..

' = (' - 1) A' There is no deviation for the mean ray. So the deviations produced by the two prisms must be equal and opposite 8 = -8'. The negative sign is put to show that the two deviations are opposite. (n - 1) A = -('- 1)A' A' 71-1 ~ W Usually a crown glass prism is placed in opposit..

. The positive column decreases in length and is divided into a number of equally spaced layers, called striations (see Fig. 27.5). (vi) At a pressure of about 0.01 mm of Hg, first striations disappear, the negative and cathode glow vanishes and the whole tube is filled with Crookes dark ..

. This is known as circle of contact. If r is the radius of the capillary tube, then the circumference of the circle of contact is 2nr. Due to its tendency to contract, the liquid surface pulls the glass tube inwards all along the circle of contact. This inward pull is a per uni..